Franklin County, named for Benjamin Franklin, was formed in 1786 from adjoining lands of Bedford and Henry counties. In 1848 the part of Patrick County lying northeast of Smith's River was added to Franklin County, and in 1873 a small part of Franklin was taken away and given to Floyd County. Franklin's boundaries have not changed since that time.
Franklin County's location adjacent to both the Great Valley Road to the Cumberland Plateau and also the Wagon Road into North Carolina spurred many of its inhabitants to join the great migrations out of Virginia in the late eighteenth and early nineteenth centuries.